Butyrate — The Gut-Brain Axis Connector That Influences Mood and Cognition

Story at-a-glance

• Butyrate, produced by gut bacteria when they ferment dietary fiber, acts as a signaling molecule in the gut-brain axis, influencing stress, pain tolerance, immunity, and brain health
• Through multiple mechanisms, including specific enzyme inhibition and NF-κB pathway regulation, butyrate reduces neuroinflammation and protects against neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease
• Butyrate influences key neurotransmitters including GABA, serotonin, and dopamine, while also increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which supports neuronal growth and cognitive function
• The vagus nerve serves as a communication highway between the gut and the brain, transmitting signals about butyrate levels that affect mood regulation, stress response, and immune function
• Optimizing gut health through dietary fiber and homemade fermented foods helps promote butyrate production and maintain a healthy gut-brain connection

Butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced in your colon through the bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, is a metabolite byproduct that nourishes your colonocytes (i.e., the cells lining your colon). Interestingly, it's also an important signaling molecule within the complex communication network between your gut and your brain, known as the gut-brain axis.

As explained in a paper published in Nutrients,1 the gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication system involves a dynamic interplay of neural, hormonal, immune, and metabolic pathways, enabling constant information exchange between your gastrointestinal tract and your central nervous system.

The exchange of information between your gut and brain affects a multitude of functions, from stress and pain tolerance to immunity, brain function and even mood.

Analysis by Dr. Joseph Mercola